(1) What is a noun? 甚麼是名詞？+ c* G4 v+ S1 m+ z9 f# ?: u
A noun is a name given to a person, place or thing.
2 S6 \& \5 B" s4 s( s名詞是一個人物、地方或東西的名稱。 (2) Five types of nouns 五種名詞 - n8 b D' d" P# U7 I
(a) Common Noun(普通名詞) --- a general name for a person, a place or a thing.& `& m+ @6 r0 a+ V
一個給予人物、地方或東西的普遍名稱。 (b) Proper Noun(專有名詞) --- a specific name given to a specific person, place or thing. We need to write the first letter of this kind of noun in capital letter.
: p# ?3 l, f5 F4 Q: J' q5 x是一個給予某個特別的人物、地方或東西的特別名稱。我們需要把這類名詞的第一個字母寫成大楷。 (c) Collective Noun(集合名詞) --- a name given to a group of people, places or things.
3 v( e Z T9 `' \/ W: A是一群人、地方或東西的總稱。 (d) Material Noun(物質名詞) --- a name given to a certain kind of materials.1 S8 ^4 H) a1 J7 b
是一種物品材料的名稱。 (e) Abstract Noun(抽象名詞) --- a name which describes a certain feeling, state, idea or movement.
: A l* `' N9 C( s是給予感情、狀態、概念、動作等的名稱。 (3) Countable and Uncountable Nouns 可數及不可數名詞
; U7 [& J7 S% X C& A6 u1 y+ ICountable Nouns 可數名詞
! n+ e+ R$ `! I$ B& p. `(a) When the number is only one (i.e. singular), we do not need to change the form of the noun. However, we will add the article "a" or "an" in front of the noun. " i- S A: Y: ?1 P w
當數量是只有一個時 (即單數)，我們不需把名詞作任何變化；但我們會在名詞前加上冠詞 "a" 或 "an"。 (b) When the number of persons/places/things are more than one (i.e. plural), we add "s" at the end of the noun.
6 ]0 T$ E- J. |% l2 o/ s當某個人物/地方/東西的數量多過一個的時候 (即複數)，我們會在名詞後面加上"s"。 (c) Some nouns which end in "s", "sh", "ch" or "x" need to have "es" instead of "s" added at the end when they are in plural number. 5 R) h1 S% Q* ^% f
如果一些名詞有 "s", "sh", "ch" 或 "x" 字母在字的最後，便需要在字的最尾加上 "es"，而非 "s"。 (d) Some nouns which have the letter "y" at the end and the letter before "y" are not vowels (i.e. not a, e, i, o, u), we add "ies" instead of "s" for plural number.6 w. B7 V4 t0 w. r
如果一些名詞有字母 "y" 在字的最後，而 "y" 前面的字母不是響音 (即不是 a, e, i , o, u 這些音)，這些名詞的複數式是在最尾加上 "ies"，而非 "s"。 (e) Some nouns which have "f" or "fe" at the end need to have "ves" instead of "s" for plural number.5 g# l) _% q9 c4 M$ Q5 \5 W2 `
如果一些名詞有 "f" or "fe" 字母在字的最後，我們需要在字的最尾加上 "ves"，而非 "s"，以表示複數。 Uncountable Nouns 不可數名詞% ~9 x+ M6 I* V. i
Some nouns cannot be counted. It means we cannot use number to count them. For example, we cannot count *one water, *two waters… (wrong examples) So we cannot add "s" or "es" at the end of these nouns or "a" or "an" in front of them. " X& f3 }4 _, r
有一些名詞是不可數的，意思是我們不能直接數算它們的數量，如 "*one water"、 "*two waters" … (錯誤例子) 因此，我們不能在這些名詞後加上"s" 或 "es"，也不能在它們前方加上 "a" 或 "an"。 Besides, most of the proper nouns, material nouns and abstract nouns are uncountable.+ B" ^, m2 l! l
此外，留意大多數的專有名詞、物質名詞、抽象名詞等都是不可數的。 - r6 H, I0 s7 G+ V5 D! K# p
2 K9 \- N. ^ Q! i(2) Five types of nouns 五種名詞 (a) Common Noun (普通名詞) 2 b1 m4 z T% Z! |6 g# d( p- R
Persons人物 – teacher(老師), student(學生), boy(男孩), girl(女孩) Place地方 – park(公園), home(家), library(圖書館), restaurant(餐廳) Thing (including animals) 東西 (包括動物) – chair(椅子), desk(桌子), book(書), dog(狗), cat(貓) (b) Proper Noun (專有名詞)
5 e3 h" z# Y1 R& KPeople人物 – John, Donna, Mr. Chan Place地方 – Hong Kong(香港), New Territories(新界), America(美洲), Ocean Park(海洋公園) Thing東西 – Friday, October, Mars(火星), Internet(互聯網) (c) Collective Noun (集合名詞)
+ ^; a% f) d$ V- ?" J5 k8 u! E" ? class(班級), team(隊伍), family(家庭), fleet(艦隊), audience(觀眾) (d) Material Noun (物質名詞) 2 A( |0 M* X/ n0 p9 s/ I
paper(紙), juice(果汁), glass(玻璃), iron(鐵), wood(木), air(空氣) (e)Abstract Noun (抽象名詞)
7 j$ s, Z8 t5 t' I' Q
5 `' U( k7 x% I4 t. T" M1 @Feeling 感情 – love (愛), peace (平安), sympathy(同情), pride(自豪)
9 F" f8 ~/ x3 PState狀態 – strength(力量), length(長度), health(健康), freedom(自由), success(成功)
( A3 a7 d8 ?0 iIdea/Concept 主意/概念 – kindness(仁慈), beauty(美), wisdom(智慧), trust(信任), culture(文化)
L7 b) L" e u! gMovement/Event 動作/事件 – laughter(笑聲), choice(選擇), leisure(娛樂), Education(教育), trouble(麻煩的事) (3) Countable and Uncountable Nouns 可數及不可數名詞! E- G5 S$ I* Q4 `8 T
Countable Nouns 可數名詞% r: o5 e) Q% k! z0 g+ Z0 S
(a) Singular nouns (單數名詞):. ?2 R" v. ?; }! ^
a photo, a boy, an apple, an umbrella (b) Nouns with "s" (有 "s" 的名詞):
8 p+ R, d' g! spicture --> pictures teacher --> teachers head --> heads (c) Nouns with "es" (有 "es"的名詞):
: ~" d/ t3 h: V5 Y" qwatch --> watches bus --> buses box --> boxes dish --> dishes (d) Nouns with "ies" (有 "ies"的名詞) [Not vowel(非響音) + y]:
/ Q- f a b$ x2 z; K. n) e% ?baby --> babies ferry --> ferries [Vowel(響音) + y]: day --> days toy --> toys (e) Nouns with "ves" (有 "ves" 的名詞):
+ M [; }/ }7 O$ {2 r3 d4 _leaf --> leaves knife --> knives Exclusion 例外: roof --> roofs handkerchief --> handkerchiefs Uncountable Nouns 不可數名詞/ Y* g7 x' G& O: v2 p5 Z
Liquid 液體 – water, juice, oil, sweat, milk, rain3 ^5 X* V. ?/ g
Gas 氣體 – air, smoke, steam, oxygen Material 物料 –paper, cotton, leather, rubber, sand Nature 大自然 – fire, light, weather, sunshine, darkness, thunder Food 食物 – cheese, butter, bread, ice, sugar, rice, chocolate Abstract idea 抽象概念 – poverty, anger, traffic, neighbourhood, music Others 其他 – money, rubbish, software, furniture, tennis 2 O( \- L% |" |3 u6 [8 M- {0 a+ O: k' K
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發表於 2017-9-22 23:43:37
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